![]() The Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test. Reprod Fertil Dev 10:179–184Īnonymous (1988) Strain difference in the micronucleus test. ![]() Int J Pharm Technol 8:18676–18684Īl-Hamood M, Elbetieha A, Bataineh H (1998) Sexual maturation and fertility of male and female mice exposed prenatally and postnatally to trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds. This article reviews the toxicological effects of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) and their mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenicity.Īhmadi S, Rastegar S, Makhdoumi P, Hossini H (2016) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using polyaniline: modeling and optimization. Chromium pollution can have severe consequences for water and the soil environment. Chronic exposure and bioaccumulation of chromium, as a heavy metal, can cause toxicity and numerous pathophysiological defects, including allergic reactions, anemia, burns, and sores especially in the stomach and small intestine, damage to sperm along with the male reproductive system, and affect various biological systems. Considerably, Cr(VI) is frequently more toxic than Cr(III) because of its particular solubility and high mobility. ![]() At among, trivalent and hexavalent chromium are the most stable forms. Chromium has been found in the environment in different oxidation states such as Cr 0, Cr(III), and Cr(VI) and is released from a variety of anthropogenic and natural activities. The growing use of heavy metals in most industrial activities has led to it being considered as the most important environmental pollutant that may cause harm and toxicity to animals and humans. ![]()
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